Through the years the Rules of Basketball games were changed many times. There are thirteen original rules of the game. Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground.
Marking lines:
Three Point Line - Field Goals made from outside this Three Point Line or arc count as three points. The distance of the three point line from the basket varies according to the different levels of play.
Free Throw Line - This line is used as a boundary line when shooting free throws. It is fifteen feet away from the backboard. On a free throw attempt, the shooter cannot step on or across this line until the ball strikes the rim. The free throw line is also used in defining the three second area.
Free Throw Circle - The free throw circles have a diameter of 12 feet. They come into play on free throws and jump balls. During a free throw attempt, the shooter must remain inside the free throw circle. On jump balls, non-jumpers must remain outside the circle until the ball is tapped by one of the jumpers.
Lane Line - Lane lines are boundaries running from the free throw line to the baseline. The width and shape of the lane lines vary on different levels of the game. The lane lines also contain lane spaces markings used to align and separate the non-shooters. The first lane space, on both sides of the basket, are occupied by the opposing team from the free throw shooter. Non-shooters cannot step into the three second area until the ball leaves the free throw shooter's hand.
Center Circle - The Center Circle is a 12 foot diameter circle located in the center of the court. It is used to start the game and other jump ball situations. On jump balls, non-jumpers must remain outside the circle until the ball is tapped by one of the jumpers.
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- signal the timer to stop the clock;
- designate the offender to the scorer;
- use his or her fingers to indicate the number of free throws;
- Scorers - Scorers must record, in numerical order, names and numbers of all players; record field goals made and free throws made and missed; keep a running summary of points scored;
- Timers -their responsibility is to keep everyone abreast of key factors while carrying out the timing regulations.
Player Positions:
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- Offensive - Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals, and rebound.
- Defensive - Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.
- Offensive - Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter.
- Defensive - On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.
Scoring
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Tie Score-Overtime - If the score is tied at the end of the fourth period, play shall resume in 100 seconds without change of baskets for any of the overtime periods required.
20-Second Timeout - A player's request for a 20-second timeout shall be granted only when the ball is dead or in control of the team making the request.
Live ball - A live ball is one that is legally in play. The ball becomes live when:
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- on all technical fouls or delay of game warnings called on the defensive team, the 24-second clock shall remain the same as when play was stopped, or reset to 10 seconds;
- The 24-second clock is never reset on technical fouls called on the offensive team;
- The 24-second clock shall be reset to 24 seconds:
- Change of possession
- Illegal defense violation
- Personal foul
- Fighting foul
- Kicking the ball or blocking the ball with any part of the leg
- Punching the ball with fist
- Ball contacts the basket ring of the team which is in possession of it
Fouls:
Personal fouls - Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact:
Personal foul penalties - If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets free throw - two, if his shot doesn't go in; one,if his shot does go in;
Charging - An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player.
Blocking - Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul - Violent contact with an opponent - hitting, kicking, and punching.
Intentional foul - When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
Technical foul - A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.
Vionaltions:
Walking/Traveling - Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling.
Carrying/palming - When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of.
Double Dribble - Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again.
Held ball - Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.
Goaltending - If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
Backcourt violation - Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line during possession.
Time restrictions - A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team.
- Hitting
- Pushing
- Slapping
- Holding
- Illegal pick/screen - when an offensive player is moving (makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender)
- Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point goal and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.
- Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.
- One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game, then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw.
- Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled player receives two free throws.
Free Throw Situations - Free throws are awarded for on the various fouls and account for approximately 1/4 of the points scored in a game. The different free throw:
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